2.1: Here are teaching slides for "Paleolatitudes and Paleomagnetism". You can see a full-size version by clicking on the thumbnail. You can then download that slide individually by simply dragging it to your desktop.

2.2: Meridional (pole-to-equator) variation in relative mean annual insolation for a planet with an orbital obliquity of 23.5 degrees (e.g., present Earth).

2.3: Average snowline elevations from the Arctic to the Antarctic along the American Cordillera at present (red line) and during the Last Glacial Maximum (blue line) approximately 22,000 years before present (after Broecker & Denton, 1990).

2.4: Histograms of occurrence of glacial or glacial-marine deposits according to age and paleolatitude (after Evans, 2003). Relation between time-averaged paleomagnetic inclination and paleolatitude, assuming a geocentric axial dipole.

2.5: Reconstruction of cratonic Australia at the time of the younger Cryogenian (Marinoan) glaciation (635 Ma), based on reliable paleomagnetic data from the Elatina glacial marine deposits in South Australia. Note that all Marinoan glacial deposits in Australia appear to have been deposited within 20 degrees of the paleoequator.

2.6: Paleogeographic setting of the Adelaide Rift system of South Australia at the time of the Marinoan glaciation (ca 635 Ma). Yellow, stable platforms; light blue, areas of crustal stretching and subsidence; dark blue, ocean basin.

2.7: Simplified stratigraphy of the Adelaide Geosyncline of South Australia.

2.8: Tidal rhythmite (reddish silstone) with syn-sedimentary fold in the glacial-marine Elatina Formation (Marinoan) at Pichi Richi Pass, South Australia. Primary natural remnant magnetization (NRM) carried by detrital hematite passes the fold test (minimum data disperson after ~65% unfolding). The finding indicates that glaciers reached sea-level close to the equator.

2.9: The principle of a “fold test” as a means of constraining the age of natural remnant magnetization.

2.10: The principle of a “reversal test” as a means of constraining the age of natural remnant magnetization.

2.11: Reconstruction of cratonic Laurentia (North America-Greenland-NW Scotland) near the time of the older Cryogenian (Sturtian) glaciation (ca 710 Ma), based on paleomagnetic data from the 723-Ma Franklin igneous suite (basalt lavas, dikes and sills). Note that all Sturtian glacial deposits in Laurentia appear to have been deposited within 20 degrees of the paleoequator.

2.12: Meridional variation in relative mean annual insolation for a planet with orbital obliquities of 60 and 90 degrees. Relatively strong polar insolation stems from perpetual high-incident summer radiation. High seasonality is found at all latitudes.

2.13: Nature of host strata (carbonate, mixed, or terrigenous) for Neoproterozoic glacial deposits (inverted triangles) in different regions.